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var(--brand)}.answer h2{color:var(--brand)}[dir=rtl] .crumbs li+li:before{content:"\\";margin-left:.4em;margin-right:0}[dir=rtl] .toc-side ol{border-left:0;border-right:2px solid var(--line)}[dir=rtl] .toc-side a{border-left:0;border-right:2px solid #0000;margin-left:0;margin-right:-2px;padding:.32em 14px .32em 0}[dir=rtl] .toc-side a:hover,[dir=rtl] .toc-side a.active{border-right-color:var(--brand)}[dir=rtl] .mega,[dir=rtl] .crumbs .crumb-menu{left:auto;right:0}[dir=rtl] .lang-menu{left:0;right:auto}[dir=rtl] .steps>li{padding-left:0;padding-right:46px}[dir=rtl] .steps>li:before{left:auto;right:0}[dir=rtl] .timeline{border-left:0;border-right:2px solid var(--line-strong);margin-left:0;margin-right:6px}[dir=rtl] .timeline li{padding:0 22px 1.1em 0}[dir=rtl] .timeline li:before{left:auto;right:-7px}[dir=rtl] .readbar span{transform-origin:100%}[dir=rtl] .hero .credit{left:16px;right:auto}[dir=rtl] .city-card .trend{left:12px;right:auto}[dir=rtl] .journey .dot i{left:-8px;right:auto}@media (width<=900px){[dir=rtl] .journey:before{left:auto;right:29px}}[dir=rtl] .toc-side ol,[dir=rtl] .register,[dir=rtl] .lang-menu,[dir=rtl] .mega ul,[dir=rtl] .crumb-menu ul{padding-inline-start:0}[dir=rtl] .city-card .in,[dir=rtl] .doors a,[dir=rtl] .related a,[dir=rtl] .register a{text-align:start}[dir=rtl] input[inputmode=numeric],[dir=rtl] input[inputmode=decimal],[dir=rtl] input[type=tel],[dir=rtl] input[type=email]{text-align:end;direction:ltr}[dir=rtl] .tool .r input,[dir=rtl] .tool output,[dir=rtl] .bars .num,[dir=rtl] .out b{unicode-bidi:plaintext}.explainer{margin:28px 0 34px}.explainer video{aspect-ratio:16/9;background:var(--ink);border-radius:16px;width:100%;height:auto;display:block;box-shadow:0 10px 34px #1d1a1624}.explainer figcaption{color:var(--ink-2);margin-top:10px;font-size:.92rem}.sister{border:1px solid var(--line);border-inline-start:5px solid var(--sea);background:linear-gradient(180deg, #fff, var(--stone,#f4efe7));border-radius:16px;margin:36px 0;padding:22px 24px}.sister-head{align-items:flex-start;gap:16px;margin-bottom:14px;display:flex}.sister-head svg{flex:none;width:44px;height:44px}.sister-brand{letter-spacing:.08em;text-transform:uppercase;color:var(--sea);margin:0 0 4px;font-size:.82rem;font-weight:600}.sister-brand span{text-transform:none;letter-spacing:0;color:var(--ink-2);font-weight:400}.sister-head strong{font-size:1.15rem;display:block}.sister-head p:last-child{color:var(--ink-2);margin:4px 0 0}.sister ul{grid-template-columns:repeat(auto-fit,minmax(220px,1fr));gap:12px;margin:0;padding:0;list-style:none;display:grid}.sister li a{border:1px solid var(--line);color:inherit;background:#fff;border-radius:12px;padding:14px 16px;text-decoration:none;transition:border-color .15s,transform .15s;display:block}.sister li a:hover{border-color:var(--sea);transform:translateY(-2px)}.sister li a strong{color:var(--sea);margin-bottom:4px;display:block}.sister li a span{color:var(--ink-2);font-size:.92rem}.dataset{margin:40px 0}.dataset .cite{color:var(--ink-2);font-size:.85rem}.dataset th{font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,monospace;font-size:.8rem}
